リーダーの行動スタイルを４つに分類する考え方のこと。三隅二不二 (1984) が提唱した。
リーダーシップを規定する要因を、目標達成指向のP機能と人間関係指向のM機能に分け、それぞれに高低水準があると考えて４つに類型化した。４つのスタイルは次の通りである。
- PM型：最も生産性が高く、集団内の相互関係や満足の状態が最良となる
- Pm(P)型：作業遂行を督励するような行動を重視する
- Mp(M)型：集団間の人間的な側面を重視する
- pm型：生産性も集団内の状況も最も悪い
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